Antihyperglycemic Activity, Oxidative Stress Inhibition, and Cell Regeneration of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Stenochlaena palustris Leaves in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, leading to pancreatic ?-cell damage. Kelakai leaves (Stenochlaena palutris) contain bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity, antioxidant effects, and ?-cell regeneration of ethanol extract and fractions of kelakai leaves in STZ-NA-induced rats. Methods: Ethanol extract of kelakai leaves was fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=6): healthy control, negative control (STZ-NA), positive control (glibenclamide), and treatment groups with extract or fractions. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 7, and 14. Antioxidant parameters (MDA and SOD) were analyzed using commercial kits. ?-cell regeneration was assessed via pancreatic histopathology.Results: Administration of ethanol extract and fractions significantly reduced blood glucose (p<0.05), enhanced antioxidant activity (decreased MDA, increased SOD, CAT, GSH), and improved pancreatic ?-cell histology. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the best effects across all parameters. Conclusion: Ethanol extract and fractions of kelakai leaves possess antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties and support pancreatic ?-cell regeneration in type 2 diabetic rats.References
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3. Rains JL, Jain SK. Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;50(5):567–75.
4. Ji Z, Lu M, Xie H, Yuan H, Chen Q. ? cell regeneration and novel strategies for treatment of diabetes (Review). Biomed Reports. 2022;17(3).
5. Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Mamada SS, Permana AD, Salampe M, Chandran D, et al. Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Heliyon [Internet]. 2023;9(6):e16919. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16919
6. Robertson AP. Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(41):42351–4.
7. Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: Cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules. 2019;9(9).
8. Tandah MR, Diana K, Hidayat C, Ambianti N. Comparative Effectiveness of Antidiabetic Therapies on Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients. J Heal Nutr Res. 2025;4(2):756–67.
9. Sun C, Zhao C, Guven EC, Paoli P, Simal-Gandara J, Ramkumar KM, et al. Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. Food Front. 2020;1(1):18–44.
10. Lim TK. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 5, Fruits. 2013. 1–943 p.
11. Az-Zahra FR, Sari NLW, Saputry R, Nugroho GD, Sunarto, Pribadi T, et al. Review: Traditional knowledge of the dayak tribe (borneo) in the use of medicinal plants. Biodiversitas. 2021;22(10):4633–47.
12. Chan EWC. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research Review Article Momordica charantia. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2024;8(January):5727–33.
13. Rauter AP, Martins A, Borges C, Mota-Filipe H, Pinto R, Sepodes B, et al. Antihyperglycaemic and protective effects of flavonoids on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phyther Res. 2010;24(SUPPL. 2):133–8.
14. Rakhmat II, Yuslianti ER. Flavonoid-Rutin Effect to Blood Glucose Level and Pancreas Regeneration in Diabetic Rats. Proc 12th Annu Sci Meet Med Fac Univ Jenderal Achmad Yani, Int Symp “Emergency Prep Disaster Response Dur COVID 19 Pandemic” (ASMC 2021). 2021;37(June).
15. Salehi B, Ata A, Kumar NVA, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, et al. Antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants and their active components. Vol. 9, Biomolecules. 2019.
16. Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, et al. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules. 2023;28(10).
17. Owolabi MA, Jaja SI, Oyekanmi OO, Olatunji OJ. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. J Complement Integr Med. 2008;5(1).
18. Mgbeje BIA, Kalana TA, Ugoanyanwu FO, Ebong PE. Effect of Phytochemical Fractions of Vernonia amygdalina on Liver of STZ Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016;5(11):656–67.
19. Atangwho IJ, Egbung GE, Ahmad M, Yam MF, Asmawi MZ. Antioxidant versus anti-diabetic properties of leaves from Vernonia amygdalina Del. growing in Malaysia. Food Chem [Internet]. 2013;141(4):3428–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.047
20. Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Abdul Mudalip SK, Olalere OA. Effect of drying methods on the free radicals scavenging activity of Vernonia amygdalina growing in Malaysia. J King Saud Univ - Sci [Internet]. 2019;31(4):495–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.05.018
21. Mahajan S, Singh R. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: A review. Pharmacogn J. 2007;1(1):45–50.
22. Nugroho AE, Malik A. Blumea balsamifera (Sembung): Pharmacological activities and phytochemistry. Pharmacogn Rev. 2020;14(27):45–52.
23. Billi J, Makani M. THE ACTIVITY ANTIHIPERGLIKEMI FRAKSI- FRAKSI EXTRACT ETHANOL LEAVES SEMBUNG (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA (L. ) DC) IN RATS INDUCED STREPTOZOTOZIN NIKOTINAMID. Indones J Glob Heal Res. 2024;6(S6):1109–18.
Published
2025-08-31
How to Cite
EFENDI, Harun et al.
Antihyperglycemic Activity, Oxidative Stress Inhibition, and Cell Regeneration of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Stenochlaena palustris Leaves in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Jurnal Borneo Cendekia, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 83-90, aug. 2025.
ISSN 2549-1822.
Available at: <http://journal.stikesborneocendekiamedika.ac.id/index.php/jbc/article/view/634>. Date accessed: 11 mar. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.54411/jbc.v9i1.634.
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